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Overview Content
UNDERSTANDING DIABETES
What's new in diabetes care Introduction to diabetes Types of diabetes Diagnosis Risk factors & screening
MANAGING DIABETES
Treatment Oral medications Insulin therapy Dietary therapy Physical exercise
MONITORING DIABETES
Glucose monitoring Self blood glucose monitoring
DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS
Acute complications Diabetic eye disease Neuropathy Diabetic foot problems Nephropathy Large vessel disease
DIABETES RELATED PROBLEMS
Diabetes and the skin Metabolic syndrome Depression and diabetes Diabetes in pregnancy

Table of contents

What is new in diabetes care
New treatment in diabetes

Introduction to diabetes mellitus
What is diabetes mellitus?
How common is diabetes mellitus?
Symptoms of diabetes mellitus

Types of diabetes mellitus
What are the different types of diabetes mellitus?
What is Type 1.5 diabetes (latent autoimmune diabetes in adults)?
How common is type 2 diabetes in childhood and adolescence?
Other causes of diabetes mellitus

Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
How is diabetes mellitus diagnosed?
What is pre-diabetes and what is the significance?
Why is postprandial hyperglycaemia important?

Risk factors and screening
Are you at risk of developing Type 2 diabetes?
Other lifestyle factors that may influence the risk of developing diabetes
Who should be screened?

Treatment of diabetes
Why do we treat diabetes?
Goal of treating diabetes
Treatment of diabetes
Pancreatic and islet cell transplants
Can Type 2 diabetes be prevented?

Oral medications
Different groups of anti-diabetic drugs
Sulphonylureas
Meglitinide e.g Repaglinide, Nateglinide
Biguanides
A alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, e.g. Acarbose
Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones

Insulin therapy
Groups of insulin
Insulin injection sites
Inhaled insulin
When do diabetic individuals require insulin therapy?

Dietary therapy
Introduction
Dietary therapy
Tips for healthy eating
Artificial sweeteners
Can diabetic patients drink alcohol?

Physical activity and exercise
Beneficial effects of exercise
How often do I need to exercise?
Do I need to adjust my insulin doses before exercise?
Calories burned in daily activity and exercise

Glucose monitoring
Is urine glucose testing useful?
Blood glucose monitoring
HbA1c (A1c) - glycated haemoglobin
Blood glucose tests
Recommended targets for diabetes control

Self monitoring of blood glucose
Self blood glucose monitoring
Why do I need to monitor my own blood sugar?
How often should blood glucose test be performed?
Blood glucose management during illness
Target of blood glucose control

Acute diabetic Complications
What is hypoglycemia? What are the serious consequences?
What to do when there is hypoglycaemia?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Monitoring ketone levels
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state

Diabetic eye disease
Diabetic eye disease

Neuropathy (nerve damage)
Classification of neuropathy
Treatment of neuropathy

Diabetic foot problems
Diabetic foot problems
Some tips for good foot care

Nephropathy (kidney damage)
Nephropathy
What is the significance of microalbuminuria?
When to screen for microalbuminuria/ proteinuria?
How to screen for microalbuminuria/ proteinuria?
Factors affecting the urine protein excretion

Macrovascular complications
Large vessel disease
Treatment options

Diabetes and the skin
Skin problems associated with diabetes

Metabolic syndrome and diabetes
What is metabolic syndrome?
What is insulin resistance?
How common is metabolic syndrome and what are the causes?
What are the serious consequences of metabolic syndrome?
How to manage metabolic syndrome?
1. Dietary recommendation
2. Physical activity and exercise
3. Drug treatment
4. Weight loss surgery
Calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI)

Depression and diabetes
Prevalence of depression among the adults with diabetes and its consequences
Symptoms of depression
Management of depression in diabete

Diabetes in pregnancy
What is gestational diabetes?
How is gestational diabetes diagnosed?
How is gestational diabetes managed?
How to manage pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy?

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